An article should begin with an introductory lead section, which should not contain section headings see WikipediaManual of StyleLead section. National Punctuation Day, September 24, celebrates the importance of proper punctuation. Rules for Writing Numbers. Except for a few basic rules, spelling out numbers vs. Again, consistency is the key. Policies and philosophies vary from medium to medium. Americas two most influential style and usage guides have different approaches The Associated Press Stylebook recommends spelling out the numbers zero through nine and using numerals thereafteruntil one million is reached. Here are four examples of how to write numbers above 9. I would not be opposed to innovation per se, but I have an intuition that it is just simpler and simply better to use the Oxford comma as most of us were. How to Use Apostrophes. The apostrophe is used for two reasons to show that certain letters in a contraction are missing, and to indicate ownership. The rules for. Read what writing experts say each week about all aspects of writing and stylefrom publication ethics to precision in reporting research to reference style and the. The heading style shown is shared by the influential American Psychological Association style and featured in the Turabian Chicago Manual. The AMA Manual of Style. AP style 1 million 2. The Chicago Manual of Style recommends spelling out the numbers zero through one hundred and using figures thereafterexcept for whole numbers used in combination with hundred, thousand, hundred thousand, million, billion, and beyond e. In Chicago style, as opposed to AP style, we would write four hundred, eight thousand, and twenty million with no numeralsbut like AP, Chicago style would require numerals for 4. This is a complex topic, with many exceptions, and there is no consistency we can rely on among blogs, books, newspapers, and magazines. This chapter will confine itself to rules that all media seem to agree on. Argumentative-Essay-Outline-Example.jpg' alt='Chicago Manual Of Style Apostrophe Rules' title='Chicago Manual Of Style Apostrophe Rules' />Rule 1. Spell out all numbers beginning a sentence. Examples Twenty three hundred sixty one victims were hospitalized. Nineteen fifty six was quite a year. Note The Associated Press Stylebook makes an exception for years. Example 1. 95. 6 was quite a year. Rule 2a. Hyphenate all compound numbers from twenty one through ninety nine. Examples Forty three people were injured in the train wreck. Twenty seven of them were hospitalized. Rule 2b. Hyphenate all written out fractions. Examples We recovered about two thirds of the stolen cash. One half is slightly less than five eighths. Buku Cerita Anak Bahasa Inggris there. However, do not hyphenate terms like a third or a half. Rule 3a. With figures of four or more digits, use commas. D Qsar Software As A Service there. Count three spaces to the left to place the first comma. Continue placing commas after every three digits. Important do not include decimal points when doing the counting. Examples 1,0. 54 people2,4. Note Some choose not to use commas with four digit numbers, but this practice is not recommended. Rule 3b. It is not necessary to use a decimal point or a dollar sign when writing out sums of less than a dollar. Not Advised He had only 0. Better He had only sixty cents. Bend Allowance Calculator'>Bend Allowance Calculator. ORHe had only 6. 0 cents. Rule 3c. Do not add the word dollars to figures preceded by a dollar sign. Incorrect I have 1,2. Correct I have 1,2. Rule 4a. For clarity, use noon and midnight rather than 1. PM and 1. 2 0. 0 AM. NOTEAM and PM are also written A. M. and P. M., a. m. Some put a space between the time and AM or PM. Examples 8 AM3 0. P. M. 1. 1 2. 0 p. Others write times using no space before AM or PM. Example 8. AM3 0. P. M. 1. 1 2. 0p. For the top of the hour, some write 9 0. PM, whereas others drop the 0. PM or 9 p. m., 9pm, etc. Rule 4b. Using numerals for the time of day has become widely accepted. Examples The flight leaves at 6 2. Please arrive by 1. However, some writers prefer to spell out the time, particularly when using oclock. Examples She takes the four thirty five train. The baby wakes up at five oclock in the morning. Rule 5. Mixed fractions are often expressed in figures unless they begin a sentence. Examples We expect a 5 12 percent wage increase. Five and one half percent was the expected wage increase. Rule 6. The simplest way to express large numbers is usually best. Example twenty three hundred simpler than two thousand three hundredLarge round numbers are often spelled out, but be consistent within a sentence. Consistent You can earn from one million to five million dollars. Inconsistent You can earn from one million dollars to 5 million dollars. Inconsistent You can earn from 1 million to five million dollars. Rule 7. Write decimals using figures. As a courtesy to readers, many writers put a zero in front of the decimal point. Examples The plant grew 0. The plant grew only 0. Rule 8a. When writing out a number of three or more digits, the word and is not necessary. However, use the word and to express any decimal points that may accompany these numbers. Examples one thousand one hundred fifty four dollarsone thousand one hundred fifty four dollars and sixty one cents. Simpler eleven hundred fifty four dollars and sixty one cents. Rule 8b. When writing out numbers above 9. Incorrect one thousand, one hundred fifty four dollars, and sixty one cents. Correct one thousand one hundred fifty four dollars and sixty one cents. Rule 9. The following examples are typical when using figures to express dates. Examples the 3. 0th of June, 1. June 3. 0, 1. 93. Rule 1. 0. When spelling out decades, do not capitalize them. Example During the eighties and nineties, the U. S. economy grew. Rule 1. When expressing decades using figures, it is simpler to put an apostrophe before the incomplete numeral and no apostrophe between the number and the s. Example During the 8. U. S. economy grew. Some writers place an apostrophe after the number Example During the 8. U. S. economy grew. Awkward During the 8. U. S. economy grew. Rule 1. 2. You may also express decades in complete numerals. Again, it is cleaner to avoid an apostrophe between the year and the s. Example During the 1. U. S. economy grew.